Android+物聯(lián)網(wǎng)培訓(xùn)實(shí)戰(zhàn)教程之使用google-gson處理json格式數(shù)據(jù)

 
一、概述：
     Gson是Google提供的一個(gè)Java庫(kù)，它可以用來(lái)將Java對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為JSON字符串。還可以用于將JSON字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為等效的Java對(duì)象。另外，其另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是支持java的泛型集合和json字符串之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。
 
二、API介紹
     1.google-gson的Gson對(duì)象的創(chuàng)建方法：
          Gson gson=new Gson();
          Gson gson=new GsonBuilder().create();
 
     2.google-gson的使用非常簡(jiǎn)單，其提供的toJson()和fromJson()方法用于Java對(duì)象和JSON格式字符串的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。
          toJson():用于把java對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為json格式字符串
          fromJson():用于把json格式字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為java對(duì)象
 
 
三、實(shí)例
 
實(shí)體類User：
 
public class User {
         private String name;
         private int age;
         private String address;
         public String getName() {
                   return name;
         }
         public void setName(String name) {
                   this.name = name;
         }
         public int getAge() {
                   return age;
         }
         public void setAge(int age) {
                   this.age = age;
         }
         public String getAddress() {
                   return address;
         }
         public void setAddress(String address) {
                   this.address = address;
         }
         public User(String name, int age, String address) {
                   super();
                   this.name = name;
                   this.age = age;
                   this.address = address;
         }
         @Override
         public String toString() {
                   return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", address=" + address
                                     + "]";
         }
        
        
 
}
 
 
 
 
 
使用google-gson的代碼片段如下：
 
 
    //0. 初始化json、User數(shù)組、List<User>、Map<String,User>、google-gson對(duì)象等數(shù)據(jù)：
 
                //構(gòu)建json格式的字符串
                String jsonString="{'name':'tom','age':23,'address':'北京'}"; 
                  
                   User u1=new User("艾迪森", 25, "北京");
                   User u2=new User("安迪", 23, "南京");
                   User u3=new User("托馬斯", 21, "上海");
                   User u4=new User("愛麗絲", 22, "鄭州");
                  
                   User []us={u1,u2,u3,u4};
                  
                   List<User> users=new ArrayList<User>();
                   users.add(u1);
                   users.add(u2);
                   users.add(u3);
                   users.add(u4);
                  
                  
                   Map<String,User> maps=new HashMap<String, User>();
                   maps.put("1001", u1);
                   maps.put("1002", u2);
                   maps.put("1003", u3);
                   maps.put("1004", u4);
                  
     
                  
                   //創(chuàng)建gson對(duì)象
                   Gson g=new GsonBuilder().create();
   
 
    //1.json（對(duì)象）字符串和java對(duì)象間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
 
                  
                   //把json格式的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為java對(duì)象
                   User u=g.fromJson(jsonString,User.class);
                   System.out.println(u);
 
       //輸出結(jié)果：User [name=tom, age=23, address=北京]
 
                  
                   //java對(duì)象的信息轉(zhuǎn)換為json字符串
                   jsonString=g.toJson(u);
                   System.out.println(jsonString);
 
      //輸出結(jié)果：{"name":"tom","age":23,"address":"北京"}
    
                  
    //2.json（數(shù)組）字符串和java對(duì)象數(shù)組間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
                  
                   //把java的數(shù)組轉(zhuǎn)為json格式字符串
                   jsonString=g.toJson(us);
                   System.out.println(jsonString);
                  
        //輸出結(jié)果：
                   [
                      {"name":"艾迪森","age":25,"address":"北京"},
                      {"name":"安迪","age":23,"address":"南京"},
                      {"name":"托馬斯","age":21,"address":"上海"},
                      {"name":"愛麗絲","age":22,"address":"鄭州"}
                   ]
 
         
                   us=null;
                   //把json數(shù)組中的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)為java數(shù)組對(duì)象
                   us=g.fromJson(jsonString, User[].class);
                   for(User uu:us){
                            System.out.println(uu);
                   }
 
         //輸出結(jié)果：
              User [name=艾迪森, age=25, address=北京]
               User [name=安迪, age=23, address=南京]
              User [name=托馬斯, age=21, address=上海]
              User [name=愛麗絲, age=22, address=鄭州]
 
 
                  
    //3.json（數(shù)組）字符串和java泛型集合對(duì)象List間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
                  
                   //把list中的元素轉(zhuǎn)為json格式數(shù)組
                   jsonString=g.toJson(users);
                   System.out.println(jsonString);
   
        //輸出結(jié)果：同數(shù)組
                   [
                      {"name":"艾迪森","age":25,"address":"北京"},
                      {"name":"安迪","age":23,"address":"南京"},
                      {"name":"托馬斯","age":21,"address":"上海"},
                      {"name":"愛麗絲","age":22,"address":"鄭州"}
                   ]
           
                  
                   users.clear();
                   //把json數(shù)組中的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)為java集合對(duì)象list
                   TypeToken<List<User>> typeToken=new TypeToken<List<User>>(){};
                   Type type=typeToken.getType();
 
                   //如果使用了泛型集合就要使用type，指定泛型的具體類型。
                   users=g.fromJson(jsonString,type);
                   for(User uu:users){
                            System.out.println(uu);
                   }
 
        //輸出結(jié)果：同數(shù)組
                    User [name=艾迪森, age=25, address=北京]
                     User [name=安迪, age=23, address=南京]
                    User [name=托馬斯, age=21, address=上海]
                    User [name=愛麗絲, age=22, address=鄭州]    
 
                  
    //4.json（對(duì)象）字符串和java泛型集合對(duì)象Map間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 
                  
                   //把map的中的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)為json格式
                   jsonString=g.toJson(maps);
                   System.out.println(jsonString);
        
        //輸出結(jié)果：
                {  
                  "1003":{"name":"托馬斯","age":21,"address":"上海"},
                  "1004":{"name":"愛麗絲","age":22,"address":"鄭州"},
                  "1001":{"name":"艾迪森","age":25,"address":"北京"},
                  "1002":{"name":"安迪","age":23,"address":"南京"}
                 }
                                    
                   maps.clear();
                   //把json數(shù)組中的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)為java集合對(duì)象
                   TypeToken<Map<String,User>> typeTokenMap=new TypeToken<Map<String,User>>(){};
                   Type typeMap=typeTokenMap.getType();
                   //如果使用了泛型集合就要使用type，指定泛型的具體類型。
                   maps=g.fromJson(jsonString,typeMap);
                   for(Map.Entry<String, User> uu:maps.entrySet()){
                            System.out.println(uu.getValue());
                   }
 
 
        //輸出結(jié)果：
                   User [name=托馬斯, age=21, address=上海]
                   User [name=愛麗絲, age=22, address=鄭州]
                    User [name=艾迪森, age=25, address=北京]
                   User [name=安迪, age=23, address=南京]
           

本文版權(quán)歸黑馬程序員Android+物聯(lián)網(wǎng)培訓(xùn)學(xué)院所有，歡迎轉(zhuǎn)載，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明作者出處。謝謝！
作者：黑馬程序員Android+物聯(lián)網(wǎng)培訓(xùn)學(xué)院
首發(fā)：http://android.itheima.com